What Is a Collaborative Robot? A Complete Guide to Components, Programming, and Applications

Introduction

Going back to the basics again with another great guide in our Used Industrial Robots 101: Basics of Automation, Used Robots & Automation Guides Series.

What is a collaborative robot? Collaborative robots, or cobots, are designed to work safely alongside humans in industrial settings. Unlike traditional industrial robots, cobots feature advanced sensors, force-limiting technology, and intuitive programming methods that make them more accessible for a wide range of applications.

This guide will cover:

• The key components of collaborative robots, including their sensors, controllers, and safety features
• How collaborative robots are programmed, including coordinate systems, hand-guiding features, and programming languages
• Industry applications and considerations for selecting the right collaborative robot

Understanding Collaborative Robots

The Unique Design of Cobots

Collaborative robots differ from traditional industrial robots in key ways:

• Safety features – Force-limiting sensors and smooth designs minimize injury risks.
• Ease of programming – Many models offer hand-guiding functionality for quick setup.
• Flexibility – Cobots can be redeployed easily across various tasks.
• Human interaction – Designed to work alongside people without physical barriers.

Major Components of a Collaborative Robot

Sensors & Safety Features

Cobots rely on an array of sensors to detect human presence and adjust their actions accordingly. Common safety features include:

• Force-limiting sensors – Prevent excessive force that could harm humans.
• Vision systems – Enable object recognition and precise manipulation.
• Collision detection – Stops movement when unexpected resistance is encountered.

Controller & Teach Pendant

The robot controller acts as the brain of the cobot, processing commands and integrating with automation systems. The teach pendant allows operators to program and adjust movement parameters manually.

Motors & Actuators

Collaborative robots use servo motors for smooth and precise motion, ensuring safe interaction with human workers.

Programming Collaborative Robots

Coordinate Systems

Cobots use a combination of Cartesian (X, Y, Z) and rotational movement to perform tasks accurately in manufacturing and logistics applications.

Common Programming Methods

Different manufacturers offer unique programming interfaces. Many cobots feature hand-guiding functionality, allowing operators to physically move the robot’s arm to desired positions, which the system then records and replicates. This makes it easier for workers without extensive coding experience to program the robot. Additionally, cobots support various programming languages, including:

• Universal Robots (UR) – URScript
• Fanuc – TP Programming
• ABB – RAPID
• KUKA – KRL (KUKA Robot Language)

Industry Applications of Collaborative Robots

Assembly & Manufacturing

Cobots assist with intricate assembly processes, such as:

• Electronics – Screwing, soldering, and circuit board assembly.
• Automotive – Component placement, quality inspection, and part assembly.

Material Handling & Logistics

Collaborative robots are widely used for pick-and-place, sorting, and packaging tasks in warehouses and distribution centers.

Popular Brands & Models of Collaborative Robots

Several manufacturers lead the cobot market with high-performance models:

• Universal Robots UR Series – UR3e, UR5e, UR10e, and UR16e.
• Fanuc CRX Series – CRX-10iA, CRX-20iA/L, CRX-25iA.
• ABB YuMi & GoFa – Dual-arm YuMi for precision tasks, GoFa for higher payloads.
• KUKA LBR iiwa – High-sensitivity cobot ideal for assembly applications.

Choosing the Right Collaborative Robot

When selecting a cobot, consider factors like:

• Payload capacity – The maximum weight the robot can handle.
• Speed and accuracy – Task-specific performance requirements.
• Safety features – Ensuring compliance with workplace safety standards.
• Ease of programming – Hand-guiding and user-friendly software options.

Conclusion – Find Collaborative Robots for Sale on RobotsTrader.com

Collaborative robots are revolutionizing industrial automation by making robotics accessible, flexible, and safe for human interaction. Whether for manufacturing, logistics, or material handling, cobots play an essential role in modern industry.

If you’re looking to purchase a collaborative robot, RobotsTrader.com is a trusted marketplace for used and refurbished industrial robots from top manufacturers like Universal Robots, Fanuc, and ABB.

This article is part of our Used Industrial Robots 101: Basics of Automation Series, where we explore different types of industrial robots and their applications. If you’re interested in learning about other robotic systems, check out these in-depth guides:

🔹 Ultimate Guide to the Different Types of Industrial Robots – Explore SCARA, Cartesian, and other robotic systems.

🔹 What Is an Articulated Robot? – Learn about articulated robots and their role in automation.

🔹 What Is a Delta Robot? – Discover high-speed delta robots and their applications.

🔹 What Is a SCARA Robot? – Discover SCARA robots, their high-speed precision, and cost-effective applications.